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Mn-based Li-ion battery cathodes encompass a great variety of materials structures. Decades of research effort have proven that developing a Mn-based structure featuring a high redox activity, stable cycling, and cost-effectiveness is a longstanding challenge. Motivated by such a need and inspired by the structural diversity of Mn-based cathodes, we develop a partially cation-disordered lithium niobium manganese oxide with a zigzag structure, filling the knowledge gap between zigzag-ordered and fully disordered Li–Mn-based oxides. Electrochemically, the partially disordered cathode greatly unlocks the redox activity of the zigzag lattice and maintains the cycling stability. Mechanism-wise, the partial disordering suppresses the disproportionation reaction of Mn(III) and facilitates a disordered λ-MnO2–tetragonal cation-disordered rock salt structural transformation. The work suggests the substantial opportunity of using partial disordering as the key strategy to revive locked-up redox activities and realize new energy storage mechanisms, for the pursuit of high-performance cost-effective battery materials. 

Earth-abundant manganese-based oxides have emerged as promising alternatives to noble-metal-based catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic conditions; however, their inferior activity and stability present critical challenges for the sustainable production of hydrogen via water electrolysis. Moving beyond oxides, heteroanionic materials, which incorporate anions with lower electronegativity than oxygen, have shown potential for improving the OER performance, but a detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms is lacking. Here, we investigate manganese based oxychlorides (Mn8O10Cl3 and FeMn7O10Cl3) that exhibit excellent activity and stability for acidic OER to elucidate material property dynamics and correlate them with OER behaviors. Our rigorous electrochemical stability testing reveals that the high operating potential mitigates Mn dissolution over prolonged exposure to the OER conditions. Through a combination of ex situ and in situ surface and bulk-sensitive X-ray spectroscopy analyses, we observe a trade-off between increasing Mn valence and maintaining structural integrity, which results in dynamic bond length changes within the [MnCl6] octahedra during the activation and degradation processes of these oxychloride catalysts. This study provides insights into the fundamental relationships between the chemical, electronic, and geometric properties of the catalysts and their electrocatalytic outcomes. 

Earth-abundant, cost-effective electrode materials are essential for sustainable rechargeable batteries and global decarbonization. Manganese dioxide (MnO₂) and hard carbon both exhibit high structural and chemical tunability, making them excellent electrode candidates for batteries. Herein, we elucidate the impact of electrolytes on the cycling performance of commercial electrolytic manganese dioxide in Li chemistry. We leverage synchrotron X-ray analysis to discern the chemical state and local structural characteristics of Mn during cycling, as well as to quantify the Mn deposition on the counter electrode. By using an ether-based electrolyte instead of conventional carbonate electrolytes, we circumvent the formation of a surface Mn(II)-layer and Mn dissolution from Li_xMnO₂. Consequently, we achieved an impressive ∼100% capacity retention for MnO₂after 300 cycles at C/3. To create a lithium metal-lean full cell, we introduce hard carbon as the anode which is compatible with ether-based electrolytes. Commercial hard carbon delivers a specific capacity of ∼230 mAh g⁻¹at 0.1 A g⁻¹without plateau, indicating a surface-adsorption mechanism. The resulting manganese dioxide||hard carbon full cell exhibits stable cycling and high Coulombic efficiency. Our research provides a promising solution to develop cost-effective, scalable, and safe energy storage solutions using widely available manganese oxide and hard carbon materials. 

Cation‐disordered rock salts (DRXs) are well known for their potential to realize the goal of achieving scalable Ni‐ and Co‐free high‐energy‐density Li‐ion batteries. Unlike in most cathode materials, the disordered cation distribution may lead to more factors that control the electrochemistry of DRXs. An important variable that is not emphasized by research community is regarding whether a DRX exists in a more thermodynamically stable form or a more metastable form. Moreover, within the scope of metastable DRXs, over‐stoichiometric DRXs, which allow relaxation of the site balance constraint of a rock salt structure, are particularly underexplored. In this work, these findings are reported in locating a generally applicable approach to “metastabilize” thermodynamically stable Mn‐based DRXs to metastable ones by introducing Li over‐stoichiometry. The over‐stoichiometric metastabilization greatly stimulates more redox activities, enables better reversibility of Li deintercalation/intercalation, and changes the energy storage mechanism. The metastabilized DRXs can be transformed back to the thermodynamically stable form, which also reverts the electrochemical properties, further contrasting the two categories of DRXs. This work enriches the structural and compositional space of DRX families and adds new pathways for rationally tuning the properties of DRX cathodes. 

Abstract Understanding the behavior of confined water at liquid–solid interfaces is central to numerous physical, chemical, and biological processes, yet remains experimentally challenging. Here, shallow nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers in diamond serve as sensors to investigate the nanoscale dynamics of interfacial water confined between the diamond surface and an overlying fluorinated oil droplet. With the help of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) protocols selectively sensitive to¹H and¹⁹F, NVs are used to probe water and oil near the interface under ambient conditions. Comparing opposite sides of a doubly‐implanted diamond membrane — one exposed to oil, the other not — a slow, multi‐day process is uncovered in which the interfacial water layer is gradually depleted. This desorption appears to be driven by sustained interactions with the fluorinated oil and is supported by molecular dynamics simulations and surface‐sensitive X‐ray spectroscopies. These findings provide molecular‐level insight into long‐timescale hydration dynamics and underscore the power of NV‐NMR for probing liquid–solid heterointerfaces with chemical specificity.